Dysregulated oncogenic signaling critically underpins primary immune ICI resistance in HCC, wherein WNT/β-catenin activation suppresses CCL5 transcription and Batf3 depletion[73,74], impairing DC recruitment and antigen presentation while downregulating NKG2D ligands to compromise NK cell surveillance[75,76]. This evidence concerns the gene KLRK1 and hepatocellular carcinoma.