GSK3B and neuroblastoma: In this regard, both the PI3K/Akt and PLC/PKC pathways engaged by STX can promote the phosphorylation and inactivation of GSK3β (Fang et al., 2002; Tang et al., 2011; Zhou et al., 2013; Jaworski et al., 2019), consistent with our data showing that STX induced a rapid increase in GSK3β phosphorylation in both MC65 neuroblastoma cells and hippocampal neurons (Figures 2, 6).