The observed associations between dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes were mediated through distinct metabolic mechanisms, where the meat and aquatic product dietary pattern—rich in saturated and monounsaturated fats—upregulated de novo lipogenesis via SREBP-1c activation, promoted visceral adiposity and hepatic insulin resistance that reduced Very Low-Density Lipoprotein clearance (29); conversely, the vegetable meat grain pattern provided polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) activating PPAR-α pathways to enhance β-oxidation and reduce FMI and VFL. This evidence concerns the gene PPARA and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.