Plant-derived polyphenols (e.g., epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), resveratrol), alkaloids (e.g., berberine), and marine carotenoids (e.g., fucoxanthin) demonstrate remarkable capacity to modulate fundamental obesity pathways through (A) suppression of adipogenesis via PPARγ and C/EBPα inhibition, (B) activation of lipolysis through hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) stimulation and AMPK phosphorylation, (C) enhancement of thermogenesis via UCP1 upregulation, and (D) gut microbiome modulation through SCFA production. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and obesity disorder.