TLR5 and metabolic syndrome: In addition, in a TLR5-KO mouse model, SCFAs and mild chronic inflammation promoted increased hepatic lipogenesis and metabolic syndrome [37], while increased SCFA production in response to soluble fiber supplementation (inulin) conferred a higher risk of hepatocellular carcinoma [38] and dietary fructose enhanced hepatic lipogenesis through microbiota-derived acetate in a murine model [39].