Inthe “Prevention of clinically manifest rheumatoid arthritisby B-cell directed therapy in the earliest phase of the disease”(PRAIRI) study, a single dose of rituximab in individuals with pre-RAwas found to significantly delay arthritis onset by up to 12 months,but this effect was transient. We investigatedthe enhancement of CTLA-4 IgG (clinically known as abatacept) withAgg-CLNP in preventing RA onset and severity. Here, CTLA4 is linked to arthritic joint disease.