CCL2 and nephrolithiasis susceptibility caused by SLC26A1: In ethylene glycol-induced rat models of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis, MCP-1, CXCL1, and CXCL2 are released, activating TNF and IL-17 signaling pathways, which may play pivotal roles in stone pathogenesis (44, 45) (Figure 2).