This review integrates the multidimensional regulatory mechanisms of interleukins and chemokines in Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and proposes three novel hypotheses: the dynamic regulatory model of IL-6, the MCP-1-mediated fibrosis-stone vicious cycle, and the IL-6/MCP-1/miR-124-3p negative feedback loop. This evidence concerns the gene IL6 and nephrolithiasis susceptibility caused by SLC26A1.