Furthermore, a recent study demonstrated that IL-10-secreting constitutive RAW264.7 macrophages attenuate calcium oxalate crystal adhesion and deposition in both murine models of Calcium Oxalate Nephrolithiasis and in vitro models of COM-induced renal injury, mechanistically through downregulation of osteopontin (OPN) expression. Here, SPP1 is linked to Calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis.