The molecular mechanisms by which these sncRNAs reshape the TME are discussed, including their roles in modulating immune cell differentiation (e.g., T cell polarization, macrophage phenotype transition), regulating immune checkpoint expression (PD-1/PD-L1, CTLA-4, Tim-3, LAG-3), and influencing tumor antigen presentation. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is neoplasm.