T. gondii infection induces the synthesis and upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), biomarkers of chronic inflammation associated with aging, neurodegenerative disorders and cognitive impairment (Carruthers and Suzuki, 2007; Capogna et al., 2023; Fard et al., 2022; Xiao et al., 2022). Here, TNF is linked to Cognitive impairment.