In clinical studies of HCC immunotherapy combination therapy, tumors of patients with higher levels of atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) + bevacizumab (anti-VEGF) response signature genes showed more tumor-embryo reprogramming POSTN+ CAFs, TAMs, and endothelial cells, and the EMT-like features of cancer cells were also evident (Li Z. et al., 2024). Here, POSTN is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.