POSTN and neoplasm: In addition, based on the anti-PD-1 treatment experiment of the orthotopic liver cancer implant model, compared with the adeno-associated viruse (AAV)-control group and the IgG combination treatment group, the AAV-shPOSTN and IgG combination treatment group significantly inhibited tumor proliferation, further verifying that POSTN knockdown can promote PD-1 monoclonal antibody treatment in vivo (Wang et al., 2024a).