KEYNOTE-048 was a randomized phase 3 trial which demonstrated improved OS in patients randomized to pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy compared with cetuximab plus chemotherapy as well as improved OS in the subgroup of patients with programmed death-ligand-1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) ≥1 HNSCC, when randomized to pembrolizumab as a single agent compared with cetuximab plus chemotherapy (12). Here, CD274 is linked to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.