Preliminary studies suggest that radiotherapy can boost immunotherapy effectiveness through a variety of mechanisms, such as promoting the release of tumor-associated antigens by immunogenic cells, increasing the number of cytotoxic T lymphocytes, increasing the permeability of the BBB, increasing PD-L1 expression in tumor cells, and promoting M2 to M1 transition in macrophages (38, 39). The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.