A trial involving 40 overweight/obese subjects with insulin resistance found that oral administration of either live or pasteurized A. muciniphila for 3 months significantly improved weight, insulin sensitivity, and other metabolic indicators (Mruk-Mazurkiewicz et al., 2024), with inactivated preparations (containing AmEVs) potentially offering superior efficacy (Ashrafian et al., 2019), thereby providing a metabolic basis for intervening in cognitive impairment. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is Insulin resistance.