Functional analysis using SEED classification revealed that pathways associated with type IV secretion systems, conjugative transfer, Enterobacterial common antigen (LPS O-antigen), quorum sensing in Yersinia, the L-rhamnose pathway, and iron transport systems—including ABC transporters and the Shikimate kinase SK3 cluster—were significantly enriched in infants with NEC compared to controls (Figures 7, 8). This evidence concerns the gene ABCG2 and necrotizing enterocolitis.