Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) also contribute: ILC2 in AD produces IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5, driving chronic inflammation [60], while ILC3 in UC produces IL-17, promoting gut pathology [61].Granulocytes are similarly involved: eosinophils in AD increase inflammation by releasing IL-12 [62], whereas neutrophils in UC form extracellular traps that injure tissue and promote inflammation [63]. Here, IL5 is linked to Alzheimer disease.