TRAF6 and Alzheimer disease: Fig. 8 shows one of the 19 groups, highlighting NFκB signalling in UC and AD across different cell types. Despite various upstream triggers, similar downstream events occur: IL-1R activation in Th1 cells in AD and TLR activation in epithelial cells in UC converge on TRAF6, IKBKG, and MAP3K7, responding to IL-1R ligands (IL-18, IL-1B) and TLR ligands (LPS) [71], [72], [73].