TNF and colitis: A recent study demonstrated that EcN, engineered to secrete low‐dose IL‐2 and encapsulated with Eudragit L100‐55 enteric coating, can promote regulatory T cell generation and produce anti‐colitis effects, showcasing a promising strategy to harness the versatility of EcN for reprogramming the gut immune milieu.[50] In our study, all four treatments—EcN, EcNΔlpp::A5, EcNΔlpp::A5‐aTN, and infliximab—significantly lowered the expression of inflammatory cytokines, including IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐6, and IL‐17A, in the inflamed colon.