Unlike TLR2/1 ligands, MDP acting on NOD2‐activated monocytes is more likely to induce the rapid differentiation of monocytes into CD1+ DCs and to induce MHC‐I‐associated antigen presentation by an IL‐32‐dependent mechanism, which was also confirmed in leprosy lesions [116]. The gene discussed is NOD2; the disease is leprosy.