In rat models, riboflavin deficiency combined with a high-fat diet synergistically exacerbates hepatic lipid accumulation both in vivo and in vitro, potentially through activation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) pathway, implicating riboflavin as a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of MASLD [15]. This evidence concerns the gene PPARG and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease.