PH and PW may have preventive effects against AD and PD, as a significant improvement in the long-term and short-term memory of rats; a reduction in Aβ40, BACE1, AchE, and 8-oxodG; and an increase in the antioxidant enzymes and dopamine in rat brains have been shown following pre-feeding with both samples for 4 weeks, demonstrating the potential of PH and PW to be utilized in AD- and PD-preventive medicine. The gene discussed is ACHE; the disease is Parkinson disease.