Researchers hypothesized that NKCC1 activity in TMZ-treated GBM cells is stimulated via cell volume regulatory kinases and a WNK-mediated signaling pathway, which is vital in protecting gliomas from loss of cell volume and [Cl−]i in TMZ-treated cells [70,71], allowing GBM cells to rapidly adapt to the altered osmotic situation. Here, SLC12A2 is linked to central nervous system cancer.