For instance, the RNA aptamer R5A1 is targeted to IL-10 receptors; the agonistic RNA aptamers CD28Apt2, CD28Apt7 and 4-1BB conjugated to 2′-fluoropyrimidine stimulate cellular immune response, extend survival of tumor-induced mice, and 4-1BB additionally increases the therapeutic index of immunotherapy with osteopontin or VEGF mAbs [90,108]. Here, VEGFA is linked to neoplasm.