Multivalent aptamers targeting tumor-specific biomarkers (i.e., nucleolin, human epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR2, mucin-1 MUC1, protein tyrosine kinase PTK7 etc.)can be attached on micelle nanocarriers by base-pairing hybridization, click chemistry or conjugation mediated by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide [92]. The gene discussed is MUC1; the disease is neoplasm.