Preclinical studies have shown that IL-12, especially when delivered in combination with plasmid-encoded CXCL9 or as a tumor-targeted construct, promotes increased expression of chemokines such as CXCL9 and CXCL10, key mediators of T-cell trafficking to the tumor microenvironment, resulting in enhanced antitumor immune responses. Here, CXCL9 is linked to neoplasm.