Efforts in the early 1980s by the commercial industry in the USA, initiated because of the hepatitis risk but influenced by the growing awareness of the AIDS epidemic in haemophiliacs, led to the licensure of a number of heat-treated FVIII concentrates, which were heated under such conditions that the FVIII activity could be preserved [22] (Table 2). The gene discussed is F8; the disease is hepatitis A virus infection.