TNF and osteoarthritis: It also inhibited metalloproteinases MMP-3 and MMP-13 and suppressed the nuclear factor NF-κB, as well as the tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1), at a dose of 50 μM in an in vitro study on SW135 cells, where its effect was linked to osteoarthritis [52].