NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: Furthermore, SIRT1 mitigates cardiac hypertrophy via the FOXO3/cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase inhibitor (FOXO3/PKIA) axis and through modulation of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), HIF-1α, FOXO1, and Beclin 1 [132,137,138,139].