-Higher expression of TLR4 and its downstream signaling mediators, including CD14, MyD88, IRAK1 and TRIF, has been observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection than in healthy individuals.-Increased TLR4 activity has been observed in the myocardium of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2-induced inflammation, which is similar in severity to bacterial sepsis. Here, IRAK1 is linked to bacterial infectious disease with sepsis.