Furthermore, the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection pathway (hsa05170) was significantly enriched with overlapping genes including PAK4, CHEK1, CHUK, MAPK14, PTK2B, MTOR, TBK1, NFκβ1, MAPK1, MAPK8, MAPK10, RAC1, RELA, APOBEC3G, CALM1, CALM3, CASP3, CASP9, CDK1, and CDC25C (Figure S3). Here, CASP9 is linked to HIV-1 infection.