PTGS2 and cancer: RT also exhibits strong anti-cancer potential by targeting both apoptosis and inflammation, which is a well-known contributor to tumorigenesis, by inhibiting key signaling molecules, including cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), and by suppressing proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) [15].