DPP4 and heart failure: Kaplan–Meier analyses further showed significantly lower cumulative incidences of MACE, major microvascular complications, all-cause mortality, and hospitalizations for coronary artery disease, stroke, heart failure, end-stage kidney disease, and sight-threatening retinopathy in GLP-1 RA users compared with DPP-4 inhibitor users, with all log-rank tests exhibiting p < 0.001 (Figure 1, Figures S3 and S4).