If one looks at the effects of a low-/very-low-calorie diet on insulin sensitivity and inflammatory markers, a previous study showed that very-low-calorie diet in women with obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome reduced body weight, improved plasma fasting glucose and insulin sensitivity and decreased plasma levels of PAI-1 [52]. The gene discussed is SERPINE1; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.