Among them, triterpenoid saponins exhibit significant anti-inflammatory properties: Saikosaponin D [65,66] demonstrates favorable therapeutic effects in animal models of allergic rhinitis and ulcerative colitis by regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway; Saikosaponin A [67,68] operates through a dual mechanism, inhibiting the NF-κB pathway on one hand and activating the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling cascade on the other, thereby playing a role in the treatment of osteoarthritis and mastitis; Saikosaponin B1 [69] alleviates symptoms of colitis by blocking the ferroptosis pathway. Here, NFKB1 is linked to ulcerative colitis.