GRN and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: In model 1, We found that obesity was independently associated with granulin concentrations (β = 29.68, [95% CI = 1.49, 57.87]; p < 0.05) after adjusting for confounding factors, including sex, age, ALT, creatinine, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and the hs-CRP level.