The aforementioned findings suggest that hopeaphenol exerts protective effects against cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis primarily by activating the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway, though the involvement of other potential pathways cannot be completely excluded due to the off-target effects of Compound C. Notably, the inhibition of AMPK activity substantially abrogates the cardioprotective effects of hopeaphenol, which strongly supports the critical role of AMPK in mediating these beneficial effects (Figure 7). This evidence concerns the gene SIRT1 and cardiac hypertrophy.