IL6 and colonic neoplasm: Higher IL-6 with greater UPF intake was observed in Canadian long-term leukemia survivors (n = 241; including 156 above 18 years), Spanish older adults with metabolic syndrome (n = 92), young-adult cohorts from Portugal and Brazil (n = 524 and n = 2888, with a sex-specific pattern: the association is present in women in Portugal and in men in Brazil), an Irish primary-care sample (n = 1986), and colon cancer patients from the U.S. (n = 796) [35,47,49,50,54].