TNF and colitis: In contrast, beneficial bacteria such as butyric acid-producing nuclei Blautia and Oscillibacter, and propionic acid-producing Muribaculum showed an opposite correlation pattern, which was significantly negatively correlated with the above colitis-related pathological markers (MPO, MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β), and significantly positively correlated with SCFA levels.