When the recruited monocytes enter the subendothelial space, they differentiate into macrophages which can polarize into pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and the tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α) contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis or into anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages releasing anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-4 and IL-10) contributing to the resolution of inflammation and plaque healing [19]. The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is atherosclerosis.