The dot plots illustrate the relative expression levels of cognitive dysfunction-associated genes (APP, SNCA, APOE, BDNF, CASS4, DNMTB3A, TOMM40, and PLD3) and neurodevelopmental disorder-associated genes (DNMT1, HCFC1, NR2F1, RANBP17, UPF3B, ACTA1, MYL2, MYL3, and NPPB) across various CHD subtypes, including TOF, HCM, DCM, HF_HLHS, and Neo_HLHS (Figure 3A,B). This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and neurodevelopmental disorder.