Interestingly, ACE polymorphism has also established its role in T1D, where Zafar et al. showed that ACE I/D polymorphism correlates with DR development, with the prevalence of D and I alleles as 57.5% and 42.5% in DR patients, respectively; followed by 66% and 34% in T1D, and finally 69% and 31% in control subjects. This evidence concerns the gene ACE and type 1 diabetes mellitus.