Specifically, 10.0% of patients with ASD or NDD had identifiable neurodevelopmental disorder-associated CNVs, compared to 2.6% of patients without ASD or NDD and 1.7% of patients with cancer, suggesting that CNVs may act as genomic modifiers that influence the clinical presentation in individuals with PTEN mutations, shifting the risk toward ASD or other NDDs versus cancer [61]. Here, PTEN is linked to neurodevelopmental disorder.