TSC1 and tuberous sclerosis: Interestingly, mTORC1 (mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1) inhibition via specified NPCs may rescue ventriculomegaly and parenchymal brain interneuronopathy caused by PTEN depletion, and, hence, mTORC1 inhibitors (e.g., rampamycin) have been used to treat tuberous sclerosis, a recognized genetic disorder with TSC1 and TSC2 gene defects but with autism as a feature and PTEN hamartomas [33,34,35].