TNF and Insulin resistance: Interestingly, in retinal tissue of diabetic rats, miR-146a showed a negative correlation with NF-κB, TNF-α and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance), and a positive correlation with Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)—an antioxidant regulator- which demonstrated that its downregulation in diabetic conditions correlates with increased inflammation, oxidative stress, and insulin resistance [34].