During AD initiation and development, microglia demonstrate both neuroprotective and neurotoxic features depending on the stage of the disease and environmental factors such as Aβ plaques’ and tau protein aggregates’ presence, distribution, number, and size, as well as the microenvironment, and the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-6, TNF, etc. [112]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPT and Alzheimer disease.