Hyperinsulinemia can also downregulate signaling of the insulin receptor at the level of effector molecules, disrupting phosphorylation of Insulin Receptor Substrate-1 (IRS-1), Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), and Protein Kinase B (Akt) [18]. The gene discussed is AKT1; the disease is Hyperinsulinemia.