Nevertheless, the potent anti-inflammatory and tissue-reparative effects observed—such as reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration, suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, restoration of alveolar architecture, and upregulation of key proteins involved in epithelial barrier function (Claudin-1) and alveolar fluid clearance (γ-EnaC)—strongly suggest that NACOS may also possess therapeutic efficacy in established ALI. Here, CLDN1 is linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome.