In addition, as shown in Figure 1A,B, compared to HD, patients with SLE showed a non-statistically significant increase in Gal1 levels in both groups (p = 0.008 group 1 and p = 0.03 group 2), and these levels were also higher compared to RA, PsA, UC, and CD in both groups (Supplementary Table S1). Here, LGALS1 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.