In contrast to our results, other studies indicate an anti-inflammatory role for 17 HDHA, with negative correlations observed with IL-1β and other cytokines and adhesion molecules such as TNF-α, MIP-2, CXCL1/KC, VCAM-1, ICAM-1, and LFA-1 in an animal model of colitis. This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and colitis.