Genes associated with an increased risk of IBD include nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing 2 (NOD2), immunity-related quanosine triphosphatase family M (IRGM), autophagy-related 16-like 1 (ATG16L1), protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 2 (PTPN2), interleukin-10 receptor subunit alpha (IL-10R1), leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), interleukin-23 receptor (IL-23R), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-10 receptor subunit beta (IL-10R2), hepatocyte nuclear factor 4-alpha (HNF4-α), and cadherin 1 (CDH1). This evidence concerns the gene IRGM and inflammatory bowel disease.