LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Finally, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), considered to represent a biomarker of acute tubular injury, has been shown as an early and reliable predictor of the development of acute kidney injury and cardiorenal syndrome in acute HF (more commonly observed in those with concomitant RV dysfunction), suggesting that it may be useful in early identification of patients at risk [87].