In non-small cell lung cancer tissue samples, Zhang et al. found that overexpression of BARD1π and BARD1κ isoforms, lacking the nuclear localization signal and BRCA1 interaction domain, respectively, induced BRCA1 mislocalization to the cytoplasm, implying deficiency in HR and suggesting that additional isoforms beyond BARD1β and BARD1δ may exert a dominant-negative effect on nuclear localization [103]. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is non-small cell lung carcinoma.