Notably, the empagliflozin/metformin combination has been reported to inactivate p38 MAPKα and ERK1/2 activity, with empagliflozin specifically enhancing AMPK-induced NF-κB inactivation (the mechanism of action of metformin), thus preventing liver inflammation and fibrosis [64]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is medical procedure.