As expected, the concentrations of multiple inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were higher in the kidney of the hyperuricemia group than those in the CON group, indicating the presence of inflammation (Figure 4a–c). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is hyperuricemia.